In the case of the protection of environmental assets, costs include:

• Increased time for negotiation in the planning and design stages
• Increased land-take for the project
• Increased construction costs due to on-site mitigation measures during the operational stage
• Management after construction
• Monitoring and management adjustments

In the case of the replacement of environmental assets, costs should cover:

• Land acquisition
• Initial site survey/feasibility study
• Background research including species and population studies
• Removal and maintenance of plant species (ex-site conservation)
• Seed bank creation from sources at site to be lost or damaged
• Reintroduction
• Habitat creation including physical factors (e.g. Hydrological and sediment regimes)
• Habitat management/site wardening
• Control of competitors
• Monitoring: short, medium and long-term
• Site safeguards
• On-going advice to land managers
• Publicity and public relations

With the creation of substitute sites as a replacement for what is being lost, the main costs should cover:

• Land acquisition
• Set-up costs
• On-going management during the establishment stage
• On-going monitoring
• Subsequent adjustment of management regimes over several years, depending on habitat type

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